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Radio astronomers are engaged in ambitious new projects to detect faster, fainter, and more distant astrophysical phenomena. The flagship project is the Square Kilometer Array Observatory (SKAO). The SKAO will use thousands of individual radio receivers linked through interferometry to create the world’s largest radio telescope with unprecedented sensitivity, field of view, and survey speed, allowing us to map the neutral hydrogen throughout our Universe from nearby galaxies to the Cosmic Dawn epoch when stars and galaxies first formed. However, as a groundbreaking observational facility, SKA introduces new astrophysical, computational, and data analysis challenges. I present an overview of computational challenges and solutions for the SKAO, new techniques for image synthesis, and applications of AI in 21cm cosmology experiments.