KIPAC Tea Talk: XRISM view of Accretion-Driven Winds Variability and Feedback in NGC 4151 and future JWST prospects

Abstract: Active galactic nuclei (AGN) accretion-disk winds in X-ray observations evolve on short timescales and are closely coupled to accretion-state changes, providing a direct observational link between inner disk variability and multiphase outflows. NGC 4151 is a nearby (z = 0.0033) Seyfert 1 - 1.8 changing look AGN (CL-AGN) known to have one of the richest wind structures yet found in a single source to date, including stratified, multiphase outflows ranging from slow "warm absorbers" (WAs; vout ~ 100-1000 km s-1), "very fast outflows" (VFOs; vout 103-104 km s-1), to "ultrafast outflows" (UFOs; vout ~ 0.033-0.33 c). The Resolve calorimeter spectrometer aboard XRISM provides the highest X-ray spectral resolution currently available in Fe K band, while NGC 4151 provides the brightest and highest-quality AGN wind spectrum. This combination therefore provides a major step forward in resolving how AGN winds are structured, launched, how they vary, and how they respond to the changes in the central engine. We present a detailed, time-variable spectral analysis of Fe K band in XRISM/Resolve observations of NGC 4151 spanning a total exposure of 893 ks. I will also place this XRISM study in the context of a broader research program by extending wind analyses across AGN with different accretion rates and connecting nuclear X-ray winds to multiphase feedback.